State Examination Questions in Gynecology and Obstetrics – valid from 2025/26
Note: A Clinical Case refers to solving a presented patient scenario with described clinical manifestations. The answer should always begin with differential diagnosis, without which diagnostic and therapeutic planning cannot proceed.
1.
a) Invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis, indications, and possibilities of fetal therapy in utero
b) Clinical Case – Bleeding in the third trimester of pregnancy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Malignant tumors of the ovary and fallopian tube – classification and management
d) Clinical Case – Genital bleeding in a 10-year-old girl (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
2.
a) Most common structural fetal malformations and their diagnosis
b) Clinical Case – Hypertension at 28 weeks of gestation (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Uterine fibroids – types, complications, therapeutic options
d) Clinical Case – Vaginal bleeding in a woman over 60 years of age (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
3.
a) Specific aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pregnancy and labor
b) Clinical Case – Vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy (differential diagnosis, management)
c) Menstrual bleeding disorders – classification, diagnosis, treatment
d) Clinical Case – Urinary incontinence in a woman around 50 years of age (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
4.
a) Cardiovascular diseases and their risks in pregnancy
b) Clinical Case – Bleeding during the first stage of labor (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Causes of infertility in a couple – diagnostics and treatment
d) Clinical Case – Fever and abdominal pain after extensive surgery for endometriosis (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
5.
a) Causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity
b) Clinical Case – Fever in the puerperium (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Sexually transmitted diseases – definition, examples, diagnostics, treatment
d) Clinical Case – Irregular uterine bleeding in a woman around 45 years of age (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
6.
a) Preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome
b) Clinical Case – Bleeding during the third stage of labor (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Thromboembolic disease in gynecology – etiology, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, prevention
d) Clinical Case – Dysmenorrhea (differential diagnosis of causes, diagnostics, management)
7.
a) Pelvic anatomy and soft birth canal structures in the context of labor
b) Clinical Case – Apgar score (definition, examples of normal and abnormal scoring)
c) Diagnostic methods in urogynecology – overview and typical indications
d) Clinical Case – Heavy menstrual bleeding in a woman around 30 years of age (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
8.
a) Acute abdominal emergencies in pregnancy
b) Clinical Case – Arrest of labor during the first stage (diagnostics, causes, management)
c) Congenital uterine and vaginal anomalies, disorders of sexual differentiation
d) Clinical Case – Postcoital bleeding (differential diagnosis, diagnostics)
9.
a) External and internal obstetric examination at term – fetal position, lie, engagement, and attitude
b) Clinical Case – Fever in the puerperium (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Female life stages from a gynecological perspective – development of reproductive organs across the lifespan
d) Clinical Case – Woman with chronic pelvic pain (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
10.
a) Determination of gestational age, system of obstetric care in the Czech Republic
b) Clinical Case – Back pain in the third trimester of pregnancy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Differential diagnosis, diagnostics, and management of acute abdominal emergencies in gynecology
d) Clinical Case – Proposal of contraceptive method for a woman after completed reproductive plans (selection of options, advantages, disadvantages)
11.
a) Erythrocyte alloimmunization (Rh, ABO) – definition, diagnostics, treatment, prevention
b) Clinical Case – Increased urinary frequency during pregnancy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Menstrual cycle – regulation, phases, disorders
d) Clinical Case – Fecal incontinence after vaginal delivery in the early puerperium (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
12.
a) Physiological changes in the maternal organism during pregnancy and their significance
b) Clinical Case – Lower abdominal pain in the second half of pregnancy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Malignant tumors of the uterine corpus
d) Clinical Case – Dyspareunia in a woman of reproductive age (differential diagnosis, risk factors)
13.
a) Acute versus chronic fetal hypoxia
b) Clinical Case – Abnormal urine findings during routine antenatal care (typical abnormalities in diabetes, preeclampsia, infection; suggested management)
c) Endometriosis – classification and symptoms
d) Clinical Case – Urgency and increased urinary frequency (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
14.
a) Pathology of early pregnancy from the perspective of embryonic development; definition of terms
b) Clinical Case – Reduced fetal movements in the third trimester (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Vulvovaginal infections – most common types, basic diagnostics, treatment
d) Clinical Case – Vaginal discharge in a woman of reproductive age (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
15.
a) Multiple pregnancy – types and complications
b) Clinical Case – Routine ward round in the puerperium after spontaneous delivery
c) Appendicitis versus adnexitis – differential diagnosis
d) Clinical Case – 15-year-old girl with primary amenorrhea (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
16.
a) Breech presentation – definition, types, management
b) Clinical Case – Rupture of membranes at 18 weeks (diagnostics, management)
c) Ectopic pregnancy – localization, diagnostics, therapy
d) Clinical Case – 25-year-old woman with irregular menstrual cycles (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
17.
a) Fetal growth restriction
b) Clinical Case – Rupture of membranes at term (diagnostics, management)
c) Contraception – principles of methods, benefits, risks
d) Clinical Case – 45-year-old woman with secondary amenorrhea (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
18.
a) Life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage
b) Clinical Case – Rupture of membranes at 28 weeks (diagnostics, management)
c) Induced abortion – legal framework and methods
d) Clinical Case – Hypotension and oliguria in the early postoperative period after hysterectomy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
19.
a) Placental pathology – types and management
b) Clinical Case – Management of sudden loss of consciousness during labor
c) Endoscopic methods in gynecology – definition, classification, indications
d) Clinical Case – Lower abdominal pain in early pregnancy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
20.
a) Infectious diseases screened for in pregnancy and their risks
b) Clinical Case – Collapse in the second half of pregnancy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Diagnosis and management of precancerous gynecological lesions
d) Clinical Case – Routine follow-up after hysterectomy (scope, rationale, possible complications and signs)
21.
a) Complications of the puerperium and lactation
b) Clinical Case – Genital bleeding at 20 weeks of pregnancy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Malignant tumors of the cervix
d) Clinical Case – Woman with lower abdominal pain and positive pregnancy test (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
22.
a) Vaginal delivery of a fetus in longitudinal cephalic presentation – physiological course
b) Clinical Case – Ward round in a woman after cesarean section (scope, rationale, possible complications and signs)
c) Hereditary syndromes and risk factors for gynecological malignancies
d) Clinical Case – Pelvic pressure and discomfort during infertility treatment (diagnostics, management)
23.
a) Disorders of the mechanism of labor
b) Clinical Case – Dyspnea in the second half of pregnancy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Surgical treatment of gynecological malignancies – significance and extent of procedures according to tumor type
d) Clinical Case – Palpable breast lump (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
24.
a) Shock states in pregnancy
b) Clinical Case – Bleeding in the puerperium (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Urinary incontinence in women – types, diagnostics, treatment
d) Clinical Case – Early pelvic and back pain after hysterectomy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
25.
a) Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy – classification, complications, principles of care
b) Clinical Case – Hypotension after delivery (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Precancerous lesions of the cervix, endometrium, and vulva
d) Clinical Case – Bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
26.
a) Most common causes of neonatal maladaptation; neonatal resuscitation
b) Clinical Case – Leg edema during pregnancy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Hysteroscopy – main indications, therapeutic applications, complications
d) Clinical Case – Preoperative evaluation and preparation before hysterectomy (investigations, procedures, rationale)
27.
a) Cardiotocography during labor – basic parameters and examples of pathology
b) Clinical Case – Routine admission of a woman at term with onset of contractions (physiological pregnancy)
c) Benign ovarian cysts, tumors, and pseudotumors – classification
d) Clinical Case – Vomiting and ileus after gynecological laparotomy (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
28.
a) Cesarean section – indications, classification, examples
b) Clinical Case – Lower abdominal pain before labor in a woman with previous cesarean section (differential diagnosis, diagnostics, management)
c) Malignant tumors of the vulva and vagina
d) Clinical Case – Vaginal discharge in a postmenopausal woman (differential diagnosis, causes, management)
29.
a) Screening and diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities in pregnancy (most common types and screening methods)
b) Clinical Case – What type of obstetric trauma might this patient have?
c) Primary and secondary prevention, screening of gynecological cancers
d) Clinical Case – Which pre-biopsy methods should be chosen when suspecting cervical pathology?
30.
a) Operative vaginal deliveries – types, indications, complications
b) Clinical Case – Delivery of a low-birth-weight neonate (define signs of immaturity and categorize the newborn)
c) Breast carcinoma – classification, diagnostics, treatment
d) Clinical Case – Sensation of vaginal pressure and palpable bulge (differential diagnosis of prolapse, terminology, treatment options)